How to Clear Your Terminal History on Linux or macOS

Press the “up” arrow in the Mac or Linux command line and you’ll see the last command you ran. Keep pressing “up” and you’ll see more commands; you can go back days, months, or even years.

This is called your history, and it’s very convenient. If you made a mistake typing a long command, simply press “up” and fix the problem. If you want to re-connect to an SSH server you used the other day, simply press “up” until you see the relevant command.

It’s useful, but there’s also a potential security problem here, particularly if you accidentally typed a password in plain text at some point. How does one clear this history? Long story short, you can do so with two commands: history -c, followed by rm ~/.bash_history. Here’s what those commands do, for greater clarity.

Clear the Current Session’s History

Your history can be broke down into two chunks. There’s your current sessions’ history, and there’s your long-term history. Our first command, history -c, deals with the current session.

The history command is built into Bash itself, and the -c modifier tells the program to clear that history. This command will prevent anything in your current session from being written to your long-term history, but does not clear out that long-term history.

Clear All of Your Bash History

If you want to remove the entirety of your history, run the following command:

rm ~/.bash_history

If you don’t know, rm is a longstanding command for deleting files in UNIX-based systems. ~/.bash_history is a simple text document, which stores you Bash history.

Alternatively, you could open the file and delete any lines you’re concerned about. On a Mac, type open ~/.bash_history and your default text editor will open the file.

On Linux systems, replace open with the name of your preferred text editor, such as nano, vim, or gedit. One you’ve opened the file, you can delete any lines you’d rather not keep by hand. Save the file, then restart your shell, and the lines you’ve deleted will stop showing up.

Clear Your Terminal for a Like-New Session

This one is mostly unrelated, but I’m mentioning it anyway. The command clear makes your Terminal look like you just opened a new session, which is useful if you take a lot of screenshots and want things to look tidy (or don’t want people over your shoulder to see what commands you’ve been running.)

This is entirely aesthetic: scroll up and you’ll still see your previous output. But if you’re in my line of work, it comes in handy.

What are the some of the best programming tips and tricks | Padsa Information

• Readability is the path to more interesting projects within a career.
• Readability is the path to knowing what you wrote 5 years ago, and makes code reuse actually viable
• Readability is the path to acquiring protégées that can learn from your style.
• Readability that is understandable by others allows people to appreciate your code at a level of architecture, not just functional.
• Readability is the path of lease resistance when you have a bug in your code.
• Readability is the how you put ideas into understandable text and syntax, much like writing a paragraph in natural language.
• Readability is somehow not a priority for most other developers, however it’s probably pretty important to your development director, if you work for one.
• Readability is more important than most believe. With moore’s law, it’s even more important to focus on readability than pre-mature optimization.

Here’s more:

• Most schools and colleges teach computer science like trade school skills. How to fix a car. How to be a dental assistant. How to be an admin.
• Most schools and colleges don’t realize there’s a difference between Computer Science and Programming. These are different.
• Most of the people applying for job in California are Programmers, when the job actually requires a Computer Scientist.
• Most people only know one or three programming languages. I personally believe you need to know between 7–8 of them to really master the idea of programming.

Psychology wise?

• Most programmers are very insecure about their programming skills and end up in bandwagon debates over which programming language is better.
• Following that, most don’t realize that each programming language is just a tool that’s better at something while other is better at something else… Like speaking Spanish while in Spain, or knowing Chinese in the middle of China down. Right tools for the job.
• Most programmers are habituated to just google everything, that’s how they were taught.
• Most insecure programmers rave about how “compact” their code is. Which serves very little purpose on compiled languages.
• Most insecure programmers focus on hyper tuning a few lines of code. Good programmers focus on delivering functional and useable software.

Habits….

• Most programmers follow the syntax and structure of the style they were taught. Very few question the style they were taught. Examples are {’s on the if-statement line, or on the next line vertically aligned with the }.
• Most programmers don’t make diagrams before they begin experimenting. Many just copy some existing example and start their modifications from there (which runs the risk of adopting bugs from existing examples).
• Most programmers don’t unit test. They believe they are better than that, or they are lazy.
• Most programmers read xkcd.
• Programmers that are computer scientists are better at computational problems.

What most don’t realize about computer science (as opposed to only programming.)

• You can merge sort your socks.
• You can apply scalability methods of algorithms to work labor level processes to improve business efficiency.
• You can learn other fields and industries because CS is a catalyze for industries like physics, chemistry, rendering, etc…
• You can apply CS methods to accounting, management, logistics, market trends, human resource management, workflow processing engineering, etc…
• Computer science has philosophies within it that can change your mode of thinking.

Lots and lots. It’s amazing what you can do if you pay attention to the computer science bit, rather than only how to program software.

Computer science includes:

• Hardware
• Software
• Programming
• Algorithms
• Problem solving
• Efficiency measurement methods
• Stability methods
• Integration concepts
• Computer architecture

And most importantly….

• Computer Science History

You learn to appreciate these things when you take in CS and listen in beyond only the programming trade skill.

Either you are a viable employee… Or you’re an amazing one that could hold a position of technical leadership.

Take your time to comment on this article.

10 Best Programming Languages That You Need To Learn In 2017

The year 2017 has arrived. So, this year, are you ready to learn a new programming language and boost your skill set? If your answer is yes, you’re at the right place. GitHub’s recent data gives us a pretty good idea about the best popular programming languages that you need to learn in 2017. Our top recommendations are Java, JavaScript, Swift, and Python.

These days, skilled programmers are in great demand. Over the past decade, coding jobs have become mainstream, creating millions of employment opportunities every year.

If you’re new to the programming world, there are many ways to choose your first programming language. You can analyze the needs — app development, web application, web design — and choose the programming language. If you’re looking for a useful and easy language to get started, Python can help you out.

Those who are already having the knowledge of programming, are taking the polyglot approach. The programmers are learning programming languages and improving their skill sets. By leveraging multiple languages, they are able to solve a problem statement easily.

For learning a new language, very often it’s suggested that one must take a look at the latest trends. This gives a pretty strong idea about future and how much a language can grow in usage and importance. This automatically tells us the employment opportunities.

Here, in this article, I’m going to use GitHub’s data to tell you the most popular programming languages that one needs to learn in 2017. The data is also accompanied by the percentage growth witnessed by these languages in 2016.

10 Best Popular Programming Languages

1. JavaScript:

JavaScript, also known as the language of the web, is at the top as it’s basically everywhere. This is a high-level, dynamic, and interpreted programming language that’s supported by all modern web browsers. It allows the developers to build web applications and add interactive elements to the websites.

— Growth of JS in 2016: 97%

— Learn JavaScript

2. Java:

Java, a general purpose and object-oriented programming language, is used for creating server-side applications, video games, and mobile applications. As it’s the core element of any native Android application, Java keeps enjoying an enormous popularity among the developers.

— Growth of Java in 2016: 63%

— Learn Java

3. Python:

Python is a widely popular and general purpose programming language. Just think about the job and a Python framework is there for you. Due to its simple syntax, it’s also recommended as the first programming language. Without a doubt, Python is one of the best popular programming languages you can run in 2017.

— Growth of Python in 2016: 54%

— Learn Python

4. Ruby:

Ruby, a general purpose and object oriented programming language, supports multiple programming paradigms and is used to create web apps. Apart from being easy to use, Ruby is known for its power. Ruby on Rails (Rails is a framework) is in high demand these days.

— Growth of Ruby in 2016: 66%

— Learn Ruby

5. PHP:

PHP is a server-side scripting language that primarily focused on web development. It forms the base of two internet giants, WordPress and Facebook. If you wish to become a web developer, PHP is an important language that you need to learn.

— Growth of PHP in 2016: 43%

—  Learn PHP

6. C++:

Based on C, C++ is a general purpose programming language that has influenced many other modern programming languages. Tons of daily applications, software, drivers, firmware, etc., used by us are written in C++. It’s considered to be an intermediate level language that has the qualities of both high-level and low-level programming language.

–Growth of C++ in 2016: 43%

—  Learn C++

7. C#:

Designed by Microsoft, C# (pronounced C-sharp) is a general-purpose, modern, object-oriented programming language. This relatively newer language breathes life into a wide range of Microsoft applications that are powered by .NET Framework. The programming in C# is very much based on C and C++. So, if you have a basic idea of C and C++, learning C# won’t be much tough.

–Growth of C# in 2016: 88%

—  Learn C#

8. Go:

Go is an open source programming language that’s aimed at making simple, efficient, and reliable software. It was created by three Google employees in 2007. In the recent times, it has emerged as one of the most popular programming languages, and it’s used by some of the Google’s won production systems. Many Go projects are also used for web servers, APIs, minimal web application frameworks, etc.

–Growth of Go in 2016: 93%

—  Learn Go

9. Scala:

Scala, a general purpose programming language, has been designed to be concise and fulfill the shortcomings of Java. Its source code is intended to be compiled to Java bytecode to allow the resultant code to run on a Java VM. Also, as its name suggests (Scala is portmanteau of scalable and language), Scala is designed to grow with the demand.

–Growth of Scala in 2016: 54%

—  Learn Scala

10. Swift:

Back in 2014, Apple decided to create a new programming language for its iOS and OS X application development. As a result, Swift was born. Since then, it has been in tremendous demand and the developers are learning this skill in big numbers. It adopts the best of C and Objective-C, allowing a developer to create an intuitive app.

–Growth of Swift in 2016: 262%

—  Learn Swift

So, which of these popular programming languages suits your need and interested? Any new year resolution to learn a new programming language?

 Don’t forget to share your views and feedback.

Why The First Windows Drive Letter Is Always C? Why Doesn’t It Start With A Or B? | Padsa Information

The various logical drives in Windows are assigned a drive letter. Generally, the drive letter for the first logical drive is C followed by D, E, F. Well, A and B are also alphabets. These drive letters are kept in reserve for some special purpose. Here is the reason.

In the case of Windows and many other operating systems, a physical hard drive–used to install OS files and store data–is divided into partitions. In Windows, these partitions can be formatted using file systems like NTFS, FAT32, etc. These partitions are then known as logical drives and they are assigned a drive letter.

As far as my tech knowledge is concerned, it started to sprout in the mid-2000s. My first computer came with Windows and, obviously, or as some sort of a tradition, the first drive letter was C. In the beginning, I was told not to put any stuff in the C drive. Later, when a repair guy fixed my desktop, he installed Windows to the D drive. It seemed a bit unusual and it was a dilemma for me, whether I should keep my data on the C drive or not.

Even though I was a little bit uncomfortable with the changed drive letter, I actually never thought why the first drive letter was C, why not an A or a B, or a Z. It was years later, in fact, recently, when I asked the question to Google–Why is C the first Windows drive?

It was not the case that the people who assigned the drive letters didn’t know that A and B also existed as an alphabet. It was done to prefer an old technology with is nowhere to be seen now, the floppy disk.

The drive letters are assigned according to a preference scheme for different kinds of media attached to the computer. These letter date back to the time when IBM ruled the PC market. Then, PCs didn’t have a hard drive, sounds strange? But you might be aware of the fact that the floppy drives were used as primary storage in earlier computers. So, they were given a special preference while assigning the drive letters.

IBM’s VM family member CP/CMS took the help of drive letters to identify minidisks attached to a user session. The file reference (pathname) comprised of the drive letter, file name, and file letter. For example, A:MYFILE.TXT. The drive letter system was later visible in other operating systems including Microsoft’s MS-DOS and later in Windows.

Earlier, computers had two floppy drives for running programs and storing data. The hardware had support for two floppies. Thus, the preference for them was built into the OS itself. The hard drives came at a later stage and were assigned the letter C. Initially, the physical drives were assigned letters. As they got bigger in size, the logical volumes came up which are now assigned the drive letter. Starting from C, it makes room for floppy drives to be added at a later stage.

This thing doesn’t have a practical application anymore. But if you connect a floppy drive, it’ll be assigned the letter A and B for the next one. If you don’t have a floppy drive connected to your machine, you use the reserved letters A and B.

If you have something to add, tell us in the comments below.

How To Secure Your Facebook/Gmail Accounts From Hackers | Padsa Information

How To Secure Your All Social Media Accounts From Hackers? Social Media is a tool in every single person’s hand to share his/her feeling and idea to the world. But if your social media account will hacked? Then where to go? How to recover that account? And mostly asked Question is How To secure social media accounts Like Facebook, Gmail, Twitter and Instagram from hackers .So in this post i’ll tell you how to secure social media accounts from hackers.So in this article i’ll show you which methods hackers use to hack your accounts.

How Hackers Hack Your Facebook/Gmail/Twitter Accounts.

#1. Phishing.

Phishing is a Most common method used for hacking like facebook hacking. mostly readers don’t have a single knowledge about that What Is Phishing? phishing is trick to make a fake login page of any social media site like facebook or gmail or any other. as the hacker send you the fake login page of social sites in your gmail or in anyother site. as you enter your “Email Address” & “Password” and as you click on Login button your login mail and password goes to the hackers mail and your account is Hacked.

#2. Keylogging.

Keylogger is the easiest way to hack a Facebook Profile password. basically Keylogger is a small program Built by hackers to hack someone facebook accounts.Mostly Hackers Make Keylogger and install that keylogger on victims computer.now a question arrises how a keylogger works? As victim use his/her facebook account or else any thing on that keylogged computer ,keylogger get all the saved Passwords,Emails And important information of your computer. And that passwords is send directly to hackers email address.

#3. Session Hijacking.

Session Hijacking can be often very dangerous if you are accessing Facebook on a http:// connection, In a Session Hijacking attack a hacker steals the victims browser cookie which is used to authenticate a user on a website and uses to it to access victims account, Session hijacking is widely used on Lan’s. I have already written a three part series on How session hijacking works? and also a separate post on Facebook session hijacking.Be safe from these attacks.

#4. Botnets.

Botnets are not commonly used for hacking facebook accounts, because of it’s high setup costs, They are used to carry more advanced attacks, A botnet is basically a collection of compromised computer, The infection process is same as the keylogging, however a botnet gives you, additional options in for carrying out attacks with the compromised computer. Some of the most popular botnets include Spyeye and Zeus.

#5. Faceniff.

Facebook Hacking By Faceniff App In Android Or On PC In bluestack.Faceniff is a app which Disables the victims facebook access page from Secure Socket To Unsecure Socket. But The Problem Is that this Facebook Hacking Technique is works on Same Wi-Fi Network. but if you know this technique in Better Way Then I Promised You That you are going in good direction in become of Facebook Pro. Hacker.

Secure Social Media Accounts from Hackers

#1. Update Passwords Regularly.

Updation of social media passwords helps you to secure your social media accounts from being hacked.change your social networking sites accounts regularly i preferred you to change your social media’s accounts passwords in 1 month. and choose your password smartly, make sure you use all alphabets,numbers and special characters in your passwords, by using all these your password is much stronger and not easy to break by hackers.

#2. Link your account with Verified Mobile No.

linking your social media accounts with mobile no. helps you alot, if you really wana to protect your account then dont forget to link your account with mobile no. It helps you when someone tried to login in your social media accounts without permission, as someone tried to do jailbreaking your social media service sent you message about your login access.

#3. Add Trusted Contacts.

Add trusted contacts helps you to recover your hacked account, as some hack your facebook or gmail accounts then by help of your trusted contacts you are able to recover back, i recommended you to apply trusted contacts on facebook, because as you know everyone finds working facebook hacking tricks like a hunger dog. so be safe.

#4. Use HTTPs Connection.

HTTPs Connection helps you to build a secure connection over internet, make sure check your URL before you use HTTPs, by using this feature a rare chance, that a hacker hack your social media account.

#5. Never Save Passwords.

Yes, this is quite interesting in social media hacking. generally, many of you going to use your social media accounts in cyber cafes or your friends laptop. but you forgot when you enter your email & password while login on your accounts then mostly every browser give a warning or ask you to Do You Want To Save Password or Not. by default browser have a option of Not Saved,but unluckily if you ignore that warning and you save your password in cyber cafe or friends laptop then defiantly, if i was in the position of your friend then i am able to hack that social media account, the question arises why i am doing this? because you people are fool.so i again told you Never ever saved your social media or other accounts password in any annoying PC/laptop.

Comment Below If You Have Any Question .

How To Make Money By Starting A YouTube Channel | Padsa Information

Starting a Youtube channel is the simplest way of making money online and needs no investment.

YouTube gets almost 5 billion video views per day which proves its power on the internet.

Felix Kjellberg, the owner of PewDiePie (a YouTube account), has earned 12 million dollars in 2015 by running a single YouTube channel.

You too can see such success if you capitalize on the opportunity that YouTube provides us currently.

Suitable For -

People who love to create videos, like to talk in front of a camera, shoot documentaries or short films.

Skills Required -

Ability to create a video using software tools or record a video using your mobile phone or camcorder.

Time Required For Starting A YouTube Channel -

Virtually you can start within minutes. You'll have to visit YouTube.com, create a channel and upload videos.

Tips -

1. Create a YouTube channel around a specific theme such as Humor, Tutorial, Recipe, etc. Don’t just go out create any random unrelated videos channel.

For e.g. If you love gadgets you can create a gadget reviews channel where you can post review videos of the latest gadgets and help people to decide whether it's a right choice for them.

2. Select a theme in which you're really interested. Analyze other videos related to your topic, see how many views those videos get.

It will help you to get an overview of how many people are interested in your theme.

3. Generally more the views more beneficial the theme is. As more people are searching for it.

4. Check out if there’s any missing concept in the currently existing videos related to your theme.

You can cover these concepts in your videos to fetch more views.

5. Give your best to engage with your audience. Study comments people leave on your videos, learn the hidden expectations that your audience has from you.

6. Try to find out what they like about your videos and what they don't. Study which videos get the highest retention rate and find the reasons behind them.

7. Spy on your competitors and try to model the things that are working for them. But never try to copy them, always maintain your uniqueness.

8. Always try to improvise each new video from the last one.

So when you look at your first videos after few years, you should think aww how bad I was earlier.

That's a good sign; it shows that you've improved.

9. Experiment, experiment and experiment. Never fear to try something new and see how it works.

Experiments are the only way where you can find new and exciting stuff which can catapult you way ahead of your competitors.

10. Finally, try to collaborate with other YouTuber's who are doing similar work.

Learn their strategies and mindset. Working together can do wonders for your channel.

11. Have fun. Do the things that you love and enjoy your life.

How To Monetize -

The general rule for monetization in YouTube is very simple. More views your videos get, more money you’ll earn.

You’ll just have to enable the monetize option in your YouTube channel settings.

It's very simple

Thanks For Reading . Don't Forget To Comment Below.